A Critique of Thomas B. Stoddard’s Gay Marriages Make...

Thomas B. Stoddard’s â€Å"Gay Marriages: Make Them Legal† is a successfully written argument with some minor flaws in technique. Stoddard uses this article to present his major claim, or central thesis, on the reasons gay marriage should be legalized. He presents his argument using minor claims. In a lecture on February 2, 2005, James McFadden stated a minor claim is the secondary claim in an argument. Stoddard uses minor claims in his discussion of homosexual people being denied their rights by the government and by others who discriminate against them. He also discusses how love and the desire for commitment play a big part in the argument for and against gay marriage. Stoddard begins his argument successfully with pathos, or†¦show more content†¦He is trying to make the reader aware of the privileges and rights denied to homosexual couples. He is hoping his reader will listen when money talks. Stoddard uses another great method of supporting a minor claim by using an authoritative testimony. Stoddard includes a quotation from the Supreme Court, an authority, to make the grounds for his minor claim stronger (Barnet Bedau, 2005, p. 84). With this support he argues the government should not control gay marriage by giving an example of a court case ruled in favor of interracial marriages. The Supreme Court ruled in this 1967 case that the laws prohibiting interracial marriage were simply being used â€Å"to maintain white supremacy† (Stoddard, 1988, p. 552). Through this judgment from an authority, Stoddard is trying to appeal to our need for the law to require equal treatment among all. He wants us to realize that people opposi ng gay marriage are letting their prejudices get in the way of the law and rights of others. Stoddard then moves onto his next claim that â€Å"marriage creates families and promotes social stability† (Stoddard, 1988, p.552). He successfully builds on this claim by explaining that anyone who has the strong desire to commit in a relationship should be supported because the world is lacking people of this sort (Stoddard, 1988, p. 552). Stoddard uses warrants in support of this minor claim.

Clarence Thomas is just the second African American...

Clarence Thomas is just the second African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court. Until the very recent confirmations of both Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, for the past twenty-five plus years, Thomas had been the last conservative to be named to the current court, which is the complete opposite of his predecessor Justice Thurgood Marshall. Thomas’ confirmation hearings have gone down in history as those containing the most drama. His hearings would produce such intense arguments over race and gender. Thomas is one of the most publicly criticized justices in the history of the Supreme Court. The primary reason for that is the uncommon connection between his views and the color of his skin. Many black and white†¦show more content†¦Thomas believed that blacks were defeating the purpose that they had worked so hard in the past decades to gain. By self-segregating blacks were turning away from the real world. And so, rather than separating himself fro m the Black Student Union and their personal corridor, he made a compromise by deciding to live in the corridor, with his white roommate. (Thomas 117, Foskett 99-102) †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Thomas was involved in the political scene at a very early age. After just two short years in Washington, Thomas began working in President Reagan’s administration. Thomas was a rarity in Washington. In the Washington Post Thomas was introduced to the public. The article read, â€Å"He is one of the black people now on center stage in American politics: he is a republican, a long-time supporter of Ronald Reagan, opposed to the minimum wage law, rent control, busing and affirmative action.† (Foskett 152) †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨For eight-years Thomas served on the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee under Ronald Reagan. (Foskett 161-2) †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨On June 30, 1991 President Bush nominated Thomas to the Supreme Court. Similar to all nominees Thomas was sure to be asked many difficult and personal q uestions. And being a black conservative, and to many liberals and democrats, viewed as a traitor, passing his confirmation hearings and gaining approval from the senate would be no easy task. If that weren’t enough, Anita Hill made matters far more difficult when she accused Thomas of sexual harassment, tenShow MoreRelatedClarence Thomas: His Life And The Hearings That Defined It Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesLife and Background Clarence Thomas is just the second African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court. His confirmation margin of fifty-two to forty-eight is the smallest margin in history. Until the very recent confirmations of both Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, for the past twenty-five plus years, Thomas had been the last conservative to be named to the current court. Thomas’ confirmation hearings have gone down in history as those containing the most drama. 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Fundamentals of Managerial Economics Learning

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Managerial Economics Learning. Answer: Introduction: In this report an adamantine study has been prepared on the cost and profit structure of Food master Pasta product line. Cost and profit structure of Food master Pasta product line reflects that there is decrease of $ .30 it the retail price of foods which has resulted into increase of 50% in overall turnover of the Food master Pasta product line. In addition to this, net profit of company will also increased by 90% due to less price and increase turnover. In the proposed plan it is observed that the cost per unit of Food master Pasta product line has increased by .84 % which shows that company had made more investment in its fixed assets which resulted into high level of increment in overall cost of capital. After observing the budgeted plan of Food master Pasta product line, it is observed that company has increased its overall fixed cost. In addition to this, it is evaluated that company has failed to increase its total turnover and decreased its total sales by 50%. Total cost of company has also increased by .84% which is not good indicator for the business functioning of organization. References Healy, P.M. Palepu, K.G. (2012).Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Hirschey, M. 2008.Fundamentals of Managerial Economics.9thed. Mason: Cengage Learning.

Subliminal Influence In Advertising Essay Example For Students

Subliminal Influence In Advertising Essay Subliminal advertising: A collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific commodities or services while being integrated below the threshold of perception or awareness. To sell products, merchants consciously use subliminal advertising as a basis for general consumerism. This seems like an unnecessary task, but when taken into consideration all the people, who have expressed their disbelief in its effectiveness, it is obvious to see how vital and necessary such a task commands. Through this, corporations must take on new strategies and methods of persuasion and justification. The importance is that advertisers rely on a trust relationship with consumers in order to successfully subliminally sell products. In other words, those who dont believe in subliminal advertising, are its likely victims. The effect of subliminal advertising on the individual and the culture has been influenced and promoted by many different elements. Let it be magazines, newspapers or radio; but the most prominent in this field is television. Television advertising influences the choices we make, perhaps more so than anyone cares to believe. It may not be so obvious, but even teachers face competition with advertising. Television stations, for example, have some four billion dollars a year from industry to spend on programming for the same students that teachers face. Nicholas Johnson, a former Federal Communications Commission Commissioner from 1966 to 1973 writes that television is diametrically opposed to almost everything a teacher tries to do: TV tells them that the only thing necessary to give them all the joys in life and the values that are important is the acquisition of yet another product. TV is telling them to sit still and dont think. TV is telling them that they are to be treated as a mass. He writes that it is extremely important to understand this force in our society if a teacher is to deal with it. He writes the most important thing to know is that advertising is a business. Johnson continues: It is the business of selling. But what it is in the business of selling is you and your students. You are the product being sold. Who are you be ing sold to? Youre being sold to an advertiser. It is the advertiser who is the consumer in this equation. The advertiser is buying you. The advertiser is buying you from the broadcaster. And why the advertiser is buying you is because he wants you to look at his message; his billboard, his magazine ad, and in this instance, his TV commercial. But in any study of advertising and advertising effects it is difficult to agree on what are clearly examples of advertising and what are clearly not. This is more difficult to do than it seems. Television is an excellent example of why this is so difficult in their attempt to influence purchasing decisions. He writes that the sole purpose of the television programs between the commercials is to act as an attention getting device. The scripts are written to build tension before the commercial to hold the viewers attention during the commercial. He writes that once they have that attention, what is the advertiser trying to sell you? Products? No. Hes trying to sell you a religion. What is it? Its the philosophy known as materialism. If you watch television closely, youll see that theres no real difference between the programs and the commercials. Indeed, if you turn on a television set you often cant tell what it is that youve just turned on. Is it a commercial or a program? Suppose you tune into a Hawaiian beach scene. All right, theres a big hotel in the background and palm trees and theres this brand new car on the beach and this couple strolling across the beach. Now you dont know whether thats going to turn out to be a scene of one of these cops-and-robbers programs or whether its a commercial. It is even more important to note, however, that you dont know what its going to be a commercial for. Thats because every commercial is a commercial for all products. Most of us are aware of the huge amount of sophisticated research generated by the advertising industry to refine its persuasion techniques. We even feel comfor table admidst our advertisement-plagued society. Although subliminal advertising may be effective, the most difficult factor is relaying the message to possible consumers. Such advertising techniques include flash messaging, buzz words, celebrity endorsements, emotion targeting, fear and the oh-so common bandwagon method. .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .postImageUrl , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:hover , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:visited , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:active { border:0!important; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:active , .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46 .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u212b05ece63153bb064308bfb459af46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Masque Of The Red Death Essay We will write a custom essay on Subliminal Influence In Advertising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Flash messaging is a common technique where a viewer is influenced by quick images and messages for a very short period of time. The subconscious registers this almost like it never occurred. All of this is pleasing to the eye; flashy colour, or a picture with a sexual innuendo. Another factor would be KISS (Keep It Sweet Simple). All of these affect the success of the ad and the final result for the product at hand. A more cunning way to influence the buyer is to target your emotions. To question yourself is most successful for an advertiser. Although seeing sick hungry children living in a run down village in some 3rd world country may lead to your donating money, there are some ethics involved in purposely tampering with ones emotions. Through all of this, this method of persuasion is most effective. A technique usually described as using buzz words is found more in prints than on television or radio. If we are scrolling through a newspaper and we see an exciting flashy word, our eyes tend to draw towards it. Companies are entirely aware of this, so that is why they flash words on their ads like, FREE, NEW, HURRY. Something about these words makes the reader want to see what the fuss is all about, and to read the companys ad. Not always will there be buzz words embedded into the ad that look flashy. They may not have any significant meaning, but they are added in and seem successful in relaying the message. Words like, homemade, improved, 100%, tasty, and the list goes onEndorsements by celebrities have through the years lost their edge and have mostly looked down upon the endorser. Michael Jordan is selling you Gatorade, Jerry Seinfeld is backing up American Express, and Paul Reiser wants you to use AT;T. The purpose is to subliminally give the product traits that it never even deserves, like wealth, fame, and success. When Michael Jordan is seen drinking Gatorade and then going for a 360-slam dunk, the company wants you to think that you as well are capable of the same feats. Besides the less obvious, there is simply the fact that a company wants a famous celebrity to present a product, rather than some common person. Everybody else is doing it, so why arent you? Using the bandwagon technique for many already established corporations has been quite successful. Companies that have already achieved marvelous success will start using advertisements, suggesting it is second nature to buy the product. As if it had such a high demand rate that without it, life would be dysfunctional. For instance, the new saying from McDonalds is, Did somebody say McDonalds? There is so much behind that quote than what it actually says. It gives you the idea that they are the best, the tastiest, and the most popular, without really even telling you without being up front about it. McDonalds knows that they are successful, so they do not need some cheap gimmick to sell their food, all they have to do is be there, and the people will flock. The Fear technique, where they inform the consumer that not purchasing a certain product will be disastrous on your own self. This technique targets the most primitive emotion; fear. Mostly used on people that are uncomfortable with their self, insecure and believe that they need some personal improving. The most known method would be the BEFORE/AFTER scene, where there is a comparison between an obviously terrible picture and a beautified picture. As Nicholas Johnson indicated, TV sells the great religion known as materialism (p.157). In the media, product acquisition and consumption equate to good health, success, exultation, enchantment, moral righteousness, ethical certainty, trust, faith, superiority, coolness, freedom, liberty, self-esteem, confidence, democracy, etc; quite simply, the most any human could ever hope to attain and more. And ownership is only part of the equationconsumption of the product counts more; and, the acquisition of the product counts even more manifestly. In fact, to attain an even greater sense of good health, success, high standards, moral righteousness, ethical certainty, coolness, self-esteem, confidence, fulfillment, meaning, and absolute purposefulness in life. A person needs only to borrow the money or charge the purchaseThe subliminal advertising effect is probably the most difficult aspect of any study of advertising. The extent of this influence probably cannot be measured. Many componen ts can be analyzed to discover possible effects on human attitudes and behavior, but none can be for certain. .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .postImageUrl , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:hover , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:visited , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:active { border:0!important; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:active , .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422 .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8f304b9ae09cf84991daf6b61962422:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Symbols Of Christian Art In The Middle Ages EssayWe need to divide the concept advertising into small parts or components in order to analyze that effect. Possible narrow components include: non-verbal communication by models in television commercials, speech tones and its effect in radio commercials, or subliminal words and/or symbols in magazine advertisementsOur way of life involves a lot more than anyone wants to believe. The need for developing individual awareness of the power of advertising is increasing, but it seems that what we consciously perceive of our world is constantly decreasing. The brain has to sort through the overwhelming amount of sensory input data a nd consciously acknowledge only what it deems important or necessary for our immediate survival. Oftentimes our defense mechanisms even keep us from consciously acknowledging data that is necessary for our survival such as piercing through to the message conveyed in subliminal advertising. Even as we are aware of the nature of perceiving, subliminal symbols and/or words in magazine advertisements are difficult to recognize when first attempted. Wilson Key has written, As a culture, North America might well be described as one enormous, complex, magnificent, self-service, subliminal massage parlor. In short, the effect that advertising (whatever this concept might include) has on human buying attitudes and behavior is of almost incomprehensible complexity. Psychology